Scoring algorithm for the two subscales that can be derived from the sf36. The lowest sf36 scores were for the general health and role limitations due to physical problems subscales while the highest scores were for the social functioning and physical functioning subscales. This modified version of the translated sf 36 was then used in a twophasedstudy between 1999 and 2000. It yields an 8scale profile including functional health, and mental health. Functioning and ageing with lateonset sequelae of poliomyelitis. Reproducibility and validity of the physical activity scale for the elderly pase questionnaire in patients after total hip arthroplasty. Use of the sf36 and its companion measures, scoring algorithms. The tscores are a linear transformation of the 0100 possible range scoring for the sf 36 vr12 scales that gives every scale a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10, normed to the us general population. Pdf the rand36 measure of healthrelated quality of life. Data from the sf36 s 10item physical functioning scale, the pf10, and the lsu hsis 29item physical functioning scale pfs, were fit to separate and mixed rasch rating scale models. Scoring algorithm for the two subscales that can be derived from the sf 36. It yields an 8 scale profile of functional health and wellbeing scores as well as psychometricallybased physical and mental health summary scores and a preferencebased health utility index. Once again, a medline search of these journals using the keyword sf 36 yielded 92 articles.
Sf36 introduction the sf36 is a multipurpose, shortform health survey with only 36 questions1. Conceptualization of physical and mental health and associations on different scales may be different for asian. Physical functioning, role physical, bodily pain, social functioning, and role. The sf36 includes multiitem scales to measure the following 8 dimensions the question numbers refer to those in exhibit 10. It is important to note that, although the numbers printed along with the response.
Since then a group of researchers from the original study released a commercial version of sf 36while the original sf 36 is available in public domain license free from rand. Both scores correlated significantly with gcs sf 36pf r. Both scores correlated significantly with gcs sf36pf r. Assessment of functional disability and quality of life in. Our goal was to establish a common reporting metric, so that scores on commonly used physical function measures can be. Theoriginal sf36 came out from the medical outcome study, mos, done by the rand corporation. Nov 15, 20 the sf 36 physical functioning scale pf10 and the health assessment questionnaire disability index haqdi are the most frequently used instruments for measuring selfreported physical function in rheumatoid arthritis ra.
The scales including physical functioning, role physical, and. Performance of the sf36, sf12, and rand36 summary scales. Sf36 introduction the sf36 is a multipurpose, shortform health. It yields an eight scale profile of scores as well as summary physical and mental measures. It yields an eightscale profile of scores as well as physical and mental summary measures. Sf36 health status questionnaire ministry of health nz. Scoring of the general health and pain scales is different between the versions. Transformed scaled score of subjects physical functioning physical functioning pf scale items, as part of version 2.
Utahns age 18 or over, 1996 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 sf12 physical health composite scale score percentage of persons with score mean 50. Longterm functioning and wellbeing outcomes associated with physical activity and exercise in patients with chronic conditions in the medical outcomes study. To estimate responsiveness sensitivity to change and minimally important difference mid for the patientreported outcomes measurement information system promis 20item physical functioning scale promis pf20. Physical activity scale for the elderly rehabmeasures database. Sf36 quality of life scale the sf36 is a multipurpose, shortform health survey with only 36 questions. Overview of the sf36 health survey and the international. Although there are a variety of qol instruments available, one of the most commonly used is the 36item shortform health survey sf36. For example, in the kansas city stroke study, females were less likely to score at least 90 points on the sf36 physical functioning scale.
Multiple regression analysis identified the best model for predicting functional outcomes in this population. Scoring instructions for the sf36 survey instrument, developed as part of the medical. How much bodily pain have you had during the past 4 weeks. We also found moderate construct and criterion validity for the social functioning scale of the sf36 and considerable overlap between the general mental health and social functioning scales. There is considerable evidence for the validity of the sf 36 in a variety of populations including ms. The short form36 sf36 health questionnaire has been put forward.
In phase i, the malay version of the sf36 was administered to asthmatics at six government hospitals from different regions ofthe country. Jun 05, 20 theoriginal sf 36 came out from the medical outcome study, mos, done by the rand corporation. The interviews were conducted using printed questionnaires including. Each of the 8 scale measures are available as both a raw score and a tscore for all mhos eras sf 36 and vr12. Criterion validity is presented in the sf 36 manual for all dimensions except vitality and social functioning. Psychometric and clinical tests of validity in measuring physical and mental health constructs colleen a. In phase i, the malay version of the sf 36 was administered to asthmatics at six government hospitals from different regions ofthe country. The short form 36 health survey is a 36item, patientreported survey of patient health. Outcomes institute as the health status questionnaire.
Precoded response choices as printed in the questionnaire. The sf36 and rand36 include the same set of items that were developed in the. Physical functioning pf role physical rp bodily pain bp physical general health gh vitality vt. Sex differences in stroke recovery and strokespecific.
The sf36 is a generic measure of health status as opposed to one that targets a specific age, disease, or treatment group. We also found moderate construct and criterion validity for the social functioning scale of the sf 36 and considerable overlap between the general mental health and social functioning scales. Establishing a common metric for physical function. Utility and validity of the selfadministered sf36eemunn chia et al those by singleton and turner, 19 lyons et al, 20 hayes et al 18 and walters et al21 however, studies reporting concerns have suggested its usefulness may be compromised by low response rates, high levels of missing data and the inability. In conclusion, this study offers evidence of the discriminant validity of the general mental health and physical functioning scales of the sf 36. It yields an eight scale profile of scores as well as physical and mental summary measures. The scoring system developed for the physical functioning scale pf10, used in both the 149 item medical outcomes study mos functioning and wellbeing profile 2 and the sf 36 health survey 3, is a likert summated rating scale approach 4 in which the total physical functioning score is determined by a simple algebraic sum of the ten. The sf 36 is a measure of health status and an abbreviated variant of it, the sf 6d, is commonly used in health economics as a variable in the qualityadjusted life year calculation to determine the costeffectiveness of a health treatment. In an ms population, the cronbachs alphas for the various subscales of the sf36 range from. Responsiveness and minimally important difference for the.
Each of the 8 scale measures are available as both a raw score and a tscore for all mhos eras sf36 and vr12. Neither scale correlated with any demographic variables. The physical functioning dimension has consistently exceeded 0. The promis pf20, short form 36 sf36 physical functioning scale, and health assessment questionnaire haq were administered at baseline, and 6 and 12 months later to a. An analysis of the sf36 physical function subscale and the. The sf 36 and rand 36 include the same set of items that were developed in the.
Each scale reportedly provides a valid representation of the criterion to be measured ware, 1993. In conclusion, this study offers evidence of the discriminant validity of the general mental health and physical functioning scales of the sf36. Dewey, barbara gandek snippet view 2000 common terms and phrases. Demographic and socioeconomic variables key points introduction the sf36 is a standardised questionnaire derived from a larger set of questions used in the us medical outcomes study in the mid1980s ware and sherbourne 1992. When looking at the keyword sf 36, more than 4000 articles are found. The sf12 health survey measures several health status indicators. Normative data and discriminative properties of short form 36.
The short form 36 health survey is a 36 item, patientreported survey of patient health. Internal consistency and validity with older adults there is a needto characterize the physical functioning of older adults. The short form 36 sf 36 health questionnaire has been put forward. Cut down the amount of time you spent on work or other activities yes no accomplished less than you would like yes no were limited in the kind of work or other. Lifespace assessment and physical activity scale for the elderly. As part of the medical outcomes studya multiyear, multisite study to explain variations in patient outcomesrand developed the 36item short form health survey sf36. Evaluation of the mos sf36 physical functioning scale pf10. It is measured with different instruments that are not directly comparable, making comparative effectiveness research cer challenging when pf is the outcome of interest. Parkinsons disease and lateonset sequelae of poliomyelitis. The sf36 pf and the bi both had excellent internal consistency with alphas. Internal consistency and validity with older adults there is a needto characterize the. Sf36 scales abbreviation number of items in scale maximum number of items imputed physical health physical functioning pf 10 5 role physical rp 4 2 bodily pain bp 2 1. Item response theory irt methods were used to cocalibrate both. Vickrey et al, 1995 in vickreys study, the physical functioning and role limitations due to physical problems subscales were the ones that best discriminated between ms patients and the.
Health status questionnaire sf36 national multiple. Wellbeing, or quality of life, may change with aging, and may largely depend on changes in functional, emotional, cognitive, and social functioning. The physical component summary pcs combines items from the pf, rp, bp, and. The short form 36 health survey questionnaire the sf36 was developed in the usa for use in the rand corporations health insurance experiment. In an ms population, the cronbachs alphas for the various subscales of the sf 36 range from. Although there are a variety of qol instruments available, one of the most commonly used is the 36 item shortform health survey sf 36.
The objective of this study was to develop a crosswalk between scores on the pf10 and haqdi in ra. May 20, 2015 physical function pf is a common health concept measured in clinical trials and clinical care. The sf 36 and whoqol100 quality of life instruments were used in this study. During the past 4 weeks, have you had any of the following problems with your work or other regular daily activities as a result of your physical health. The sf 36 has been linked to utilization of health care services, clinical course of depression and fiveyear survival ware, j. The sf 36 health survey is a multipurpose, shortform health survey which contains 36 questions. Sf36 items and scales are scored so that a higher score indicates a better. Scoring instructions for mos 36item short form survey instrument sf36. Sf 36 quality of life scale the sf 36 is a multipurpose, shortform health survey with only 36 questions. As part of the medical outcomes studya multiyear, multisite study to explain variations in patient outcomesrand developed the 36 item short form health survey sf 36. Medical outcomes study sf12 physical health composite scale scores. Depressed downhearted rolephysical rp items scales component summary measures 02chap02. The sf36 health survey is a multipurpose, shortform health survey which contains 36 questions. Raczek, ab crosssectional data from the medical outcomes study mos were analyzed to test the validity of the mos 36item shortform health survey sf36 scales as measures of.
Once again, a medline search of these journals using the keyword sf36 yielded 92 articles. Association of baseline exercise with physical functioning 2 years after baseline in the medical outcomes study. The sf36 is a measure of health status and an abbreviated variant of it, the sf6d, is commonly used in health economics as a variable in the qualityadjusted life year calculation to determine the costeffectiveness of a health treatment. The tscores are a linear transformation of the 0100 possible range scoring for the sf36vr12 scales that gives every scale a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10, normed to the us general population. The sf36 physical functioning scale pf10 and the health assessment questionnaire disability index haqdi are the most frequently used instruments for measuring selfreported physical function in rheumatoid arthritis ra. A closer examination of the sf36 mean change scores revealed less variation between the normative sf36 scores and the scores at follow up compared to the baseline score.
It yields an 8scale profile of functional health and wellbeing scores as well as psychometricallybased physical and mental health summary scores and a preferencebased health utility index. Measurement instruments in lasa the sf12 health survey is a multipurpose shortform sf generic measure of health status. Sf36 is also known as the short form 36 health survey questionnaire. The sf 36 is a multipurpose, shortform health survey with 36 items. The scoring system developed for the physical functioning scale pf10, used in both the 149 item medical outcomes study mos functioning and wellbeing profile 2 and the sf36 health survey 3, is a likert summated rating scale approach 4 in which the total physical functioning score is determined by a simple algebraic sum of the ten. Gos extended gose, of studyspecific mean sf36 scores for the eight do mains and two. The 10item physical functioning scale pf10, used in both the 149item mos functioning and wellbeing profile 22 and the sf 36 health survey, is an index designed to sample three main attributes of physical functioning. Sf36 includes one multiitem scale that assesses eight health concepts. Assessing the validity of the sf36 general health survey. Comparison of rand36 emotional wellbeing and physical. Mean scores on the sf36 subscales are presented in table 2. The sf 36 is a generic measure of health status as opposed to one that targets a specific age, disease, or treatment group. The sf 36 includes multiitem scales to measure the following 8 dimensions the question numbers refer to those in exhibit 10. The physical functioning pf domain of the established and widely used short form36 sf36 questionnaire asks about limitations on ten mobility activities.
The names of the scales, scale abbreviations, the number of items included in each and the maximum number of items imputed are shown below. Conceptualization of physical and mental health and associations on different scales may be different for. The scales were evaluated by comparing the scores of a cohort of 194 ms patients with general population data and using the expanded disability status scale edss and the incapacity status scalemental as criterion variables for physical functioning and mental health. Short form 36 sf36 spinal cord injury research evidence. It yields an eightscale profile of scores as well as summary physical and mental measures. Physical function pf is a common health concept measured in clinical trials and clinical care. Mar 15, 2016 longterm functioning and wellbeing outcomes associated with physical activity and exercise in patients with chronic conditions in the medical outcomes study. Development and evaluation of a crosswalk between the sf36. Item response theory irt methods were used to cocalibrate.
Since then a group of researchers from the original study released a commercial version of sf36while the original sf36 is available in public domain license free from rand. The sf 36 pf and the bi both had excellent internal consistency with alphas. Mobility disability is a major problem in older people. This modified version of the translated sf36 was then used in a twophasedstudy between 1999 and 2000. Sf 36 scales abbreviation number of items in scale maximum number of items imputed physical health physical functioning pf 10 5 role physical rp 4 2 bodily pain bp 2 1. Reliability and validity of the sf36 health survey. Ware and sherbourne give an extended description of the origins of the sf36 and of its links with the other mos instruments 1. Raczek, ab crosssectional data from the medical outcomes study mos were analyzed to test the validity of the mos 36 item shortform health survey sf 36 scales as measures of. Cut down time roleemotional re physical health mental health 3h.
Terms and conditions for using the 36item short form survey. The sf36 and whoqol100 quality of life instruments were used in this study. Prior to using the sf36 scoring rules, it is essential to verify that the ques tionnaires being. Numerous scales exist for the measurement of disability but often these do not permit comparisons between study groups. The promis pf20, short form 36 sf 36 physical functioning scale, and health assessment questionnaire haq were administered at baseline, and 6 and 12 months later to a sample. Terms and conditions for using the 36 item short form survey. A pdf version of the sf36 is also available here, for ease of administration it fits on. The physical functioning pf domain of the established and widely used short form 36 sf 36 questionnaire asks about limitations on ten mobility activities.
There is considerable evidence for the validity of the sf36 in a variety of populations including ms. The sf36 is a generic instrument that is considered as a golden standard for quality of life of patients suffering from various conditions. The sf36 is a multipurpose, shortform health survey with 36 items. Ware and sherbourne give an extended description of the origins of the sf 36 and of its links with the other mos instruments 1. Behavior and analysis of 36item shortform health survey. The 10item physical functioning scale pf10, used in both the 149item mos functioning and wellbeing profile 22 and the sf36 health survey, is an index designed to sample three main attributes of physical functioning. Equating the mos sf36 and the lsu hsi physical functioning scales. Comparison of sf36 and whoqol100 in patients with stroke. Evaluation of the mos sf36 physical functioning scale pf40. Our objectives, which were achieved, were to develop a form that. Scoring sf36 scoring the survey produces 8 scale scores. The sf36 questionnaire consists of 36 questions items measuring physical and mental health status in. Request pdf physical functioning scale of the shortform sf 36.