Motorcycle brain teasers and trivial historical silliness. In certain aircooled engines, the exhaust valves are sodium filled. Sep 27, 1983 the present invention relates to a process for the production of a sodium filled valve in which the sodium is introduced into a hollow valve stem through a filling bore of relatively large diameter and which is sealed through a plug andor usual welding. One, what if any benefit or difference is there between ss and sodium filled exhaust valves on the 2. A filehard tungstensteel valve with a shallow hole and no filling eliminated. The hollow space in the headstem of a sodium cooled valve is filled to about 60% of its volume. Samuel dalziel heron 18 may 1891 10 july 1963 was a british born aerospace engineer who made major contributions to the design of piston engines. Sodium filled valves have a hollow head and stem filled about 60% with sodium. My book gives in depth detail about the key things a person who applies or otherwise deals with control valves needs. The factory manual says to dispose of the valves in this manor. You may be reading some magnetism from the keepers, which. Two, how can i tell which one i have if its sitting on my bench with no big flashing sign saying im sodium filled.
As the sodium becomes liquid it will transfer the heat from the head of the valve to the guide and cylinder. On the exhaust side, sodiumfilling is the best way to increase the head capacity of a hollow exhaust valve. Sodiumfilled valves are hollow and partially filled with liquid sodium. In your car, the intake valves allow an air and fuel mixture into the engines cylinders where it can then be compressed. When the valve opens, the sodium splashes down into the valve head and collects heat. The problem with sodium filled exhaust valve stems in the fe fords was made worse by folks thinking they needed to increase the spring pressures to control valve float for performance camshaft changes. Sodium cooling efficiency in hollow valves for heavy duty engines 2018010368 as a consequence of the ongoing evolution of engines, where performance is continuously improving and the use of alternative fuels is being adopted by many engine manufacturers, thermal working conditions of the exhaust valves are increasingly critical.
Honda cb750 motorcycle history, classics remembered cycle world. Solutions such as hollow valve manufacturing, seat welding, salt bath nitriding, and continuous materials development overcome the issues of increased temperatures, combustion pressures, corrosion and seat wear. Can run tighter stem clearances, less valve spring tension, which gets better gas mileage. The design data are presented in nondimensional form using parameters typical of conventional convective heat transfer correlations. This achieves weight reduction the result of the gundrilling to create a hollow stem and better heat dispersion. How sodium filled exhaust valves work kia stinger gt. In this case of subaru engines, are the sodium filled valves a good thing. On the exhaust side, sodium filling is the best way to increase the head capacity of a hollow exhaust valve. Shop page high performance engine valves racing valves. I can attest that sodium filled valves are a ticking bomb. Oct 23, 2017 sodium filled valves have a hollow head and stem filled about 60% with sodium. Ot ford returns to running sodium filled exhaust valves. So it sloshes around in the hollow valve stem transferring heat from the valve stem to the valve guide keeping the valve head a little cooler. This paper presents information that may be useful in the design of cocktail shaker cooled pistons and valves.
Sodium is a very light metal with a very low melting point, around 208 degrees f. The ls6s sodium filled valves are available through gm part no. A rotax aircraft engine tech tips video enriching the content of the officially published si914030 introduction of sodium filled exhaust valves for rotax engine type 914 series. Under conditions such as breakage with subsequent contact with water, metal sodium which lines the inner portion of exhaust valve will react violently, forming sodium hydroxide and hydrogen which may result in. The filling most used is said to be the eutectic mixture of sodium and. Harleydavidson switchback longterm test wrapup cycle world. This technology is certainly common in many other engines, but kia claims this is the first use of sodium filled exhaust valve heads in a v6 engine. The valve guide for sodium filled valves must run with a minimum of lubrication and at remarkedly close tolerances. Some of andrews early solid valves are slightly magnetic. Pdf optimization of friction welding process parameters. Choose instore pickup oh, nv, ga, tx on our web site. A poppet valve also called mushroom valve is a valve typically used to control the timing and quantity of gas or vapor flow into an engine it consists of a hole, usually round or oval, and a tapered plug, usually a disk shape on the end of a shaft also called a valve stem.
How sodium filled exhaust valves work kia stinger gt best. I happened upon a very large valve from some gigantic diesel engine at an estate sale, and used if as a paperweight for a while. The most critical point is to get mass out of the valve. Strengthen your valvetrain with these performance replacement valves. Had i known about the potential problems with the sodium filled exhaust valves, i would have replaced them when i had it apart. As far as the heads go, i just did a basic cleanup, lapped in the valves, fresh valve stem seals, and replaced most of the valve shims to get the clearances back into spec. They led to my dino engine and gearbox rebuild and left me with this rather expensive desk ornament. The inertia forces that result during valve opening cause the liquid sodium to migrate upwards inside the stem, transferring heat to. Process for the production of a sodiumfilled valve mtu. In this video i go over the main reasons why sodium filled valves work, and generally arent used today in mototrcycles. High performance racing components, valves, pistons, springs, valve train engine components manufacturer and supplier. Chevrolet started using sodium filled valves in their high performance engines in the 60s. The two valve arrangement is retained, though the titanium intake valves by del west have grown to 2. Under no circumstances should a sodium filled valve be cut open or subjected to treatment which may cause it to rupture.
The inertia forces that result during valve opening cause the liquid sodium to migrate upward inside the. I keep a bucket of loose sand in my lab and a bucket filled with these sand bags. But if youre going for absolute power, particularly in naturally aspirated form, youd do better to start with a set. I will never ever use 50 year old valves in a rebuild again. There is some debate about the efficiency of this heat transfer, due to. Supertech inconel exhaust valve sodium filled fiesta st 1. The modern history of the valve industry starts with the industrial revolution.
Design and development of exhaust valves from the perspective of. Trouble with the exhaustvalves of the typej aircooled cylinder caused an investigation to be. Also sodium filled exhaust valve are a bit lighter, which reduces valve. The hollow valves contain sodium which melts during engine operation. Common chemicals combine to make metallic sodium hackaday. Heat transfers out of the sodium, into the stem, valve guide. It needed valves able to keep and regulate the steam at high pressure. The very recent history of aircraft valves in the united. Handling and disposal of sodium filled exhaust valves requires special care and consideration. For this reason, sodium filled hollow valves are utilized in preference to solid valves. Sodium cooling efficiency in hollow valves for heavy duty. Sodium filled valves chemical engineering other topics engtips. If they are magnetic they might be sodium filled or they might be solid, but of a magnetic alloy.
Which is a bit of miracle in my book considering who made it. Therefore are not the oe sodium filled valves which were made of a magnetic alloy. The sodium filled valve is a widely used application of this heat transfer concept. I think sodium filled exhaust valves are mostly used on aircraft engines. Sodiumcooled valve general discussion car talk community. I dont recall ever seeing or hearing of one breaking with grenadelike consequences. The 427ci ls7 in the z06 vettes has sodium filled exhaust valves from the factory. Intake valves get cooled by cool air and fuel flowing over them. Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol na from latin natrium and atomic number 11. To the contrary, our question is whether or not they either cause or increase these problems. Understanding valve malaise among the piston designs to power light aircraft, a handful of lycomings engines have gained the distinction of being the most reliable and durable powerplants around.
Performance engine builders have a wide range of intake and exhaust valve. It helped in efficient flow of heat in the hollow valves compared with the conventional solid valve. History of the ls engine and cylinder head casting number. The heat travels up the valve stem 3 and is transferred to the cylinder head. May 06, 2012 exhaust valve from a 2000 audi v6 30v 2. Design data for cocktail shaker cooled pistons and valves. When its time for valves, dont cut cornersget genuine chevrolet performance replacement valves. Intake and exhaust valves in various alloys eaton is one of the worldwide largest producers of valves. If you have a sodium fire then lift one of these sand bags onto the fire with tongs or some other method which keeps your hands away from the fire. Free shipping on many items browse your favorite brands affordable prices. Under conditions such as breakage with subsequent contact with water, metal sodium which lines the inner portion of exhaust valve will react violently, forming sodium hydroxide and hydrogen which may result in an explosion. On the high performance side, the ls6 would refine the ls1s details with a more aggressive camshaft profile, improved intake, higher compression, stronger block, and sodium filled valves. Sodium filled exhaust valves are today unnecessary in motorcycle engines because 1 motorcycle valves are quite small especially when four valves per cylinder is the norm and cool well by normal. When buying new valves to complete bare heads or when replacing valves, you can take advantage of highquality aftermarket stainless steel valves.
A cooler valve improves the material strength and durability while allowing the tuner more flexibility and a wider range of spark timing advances. Sodium filled valves are used when extra cooling is required. In high performance or turbo charged engines sometimes sodiumfilled valve stems are used. Chevrolet performance replacement valves 1255 free. Mitsubishi lancer evolution final edition ordering books. The hollow space in the headstem of a sodium cooled valve is filled to about 60% of its volume with metallic sodium, which melts at about 206 degrees f. As revealed above, sodium filled valves in the o320 engine did not eliminate valve distress problems. As new inventors as james watt created new machines, they also improve the design of the valves. One of the interesting features of this engine are the sodium filled exhaust. Sodium filled valves are an extremely expensive component that we believe are greatly to blame for valveguide. Without cutting the end off and dumping it in a bucket of water. When installing sodium exhaust valves, the engine log book or overhaul record must reflect the execution, including cylinder head position etc. This in turn keeps the valve cooler, and lessens the risk of warping. Optimization of friction welding process parameters for 42cr9si2 hollow head and sodium filled engine valve and valve performance evaluation article pdf available in materials 127.
For high power density engines the exhaust valves have hollow stems and they are partially filled with sodium and then inert gas and sealed. If the valve stems are completely nonmagnetic they are stainless. Performance engine valve technology materials and designs. Generally, an intake valve is the name for a valve that allows air or fluid to pass through it, typically during the intake phase of an engines operation. If stock diameter steel valves are required, but a valve weight is not mandated. The portion of the hole where the plug meets with it is called the seat or valve seat.
Engine valves high strength temperature resistance eaton. These valve are designed to increase gas flow for more power. Whereas exhaust valves are made from silichrome alloy. In a hardrunning engine, the valves are hot enough that the sodium in the head of the valve vaporizes and travels up to the cooler stem where it condenses back to a liquid again. While working in britain he carried out the first systematic research into aircooled cylinders. In particular, certain versions of the o320, o360, and o540 engines reign supreme in hangar talk you hardly ever have to open them up, and running to and beyond tbo is a common occurrence. The march 1968 edition of autolite shop tips includes a comprehensive description of the modifications made to prepare the 1968 428 cobra jet engine for drag strip duty in the stock and super stock classes. Ss valves over in too seems sodium valves arecan be weak at the stems. Sodium filled valves feature stems that are precisiongundrilled and filled with a specially formulated sodium. Is the extra cooling worth the reduced strength of hollow valves on these engines. A few early gm ls engines feature solid stems, while most feature hollow, sodium filled exhaust stems. Like our inconel valves, our sodium filled valves, are designed to withstand even higher temperatures. The ls7 uses titanium intake valves and hollow sodium exhaust valves.
I dont think you will be twisting this one near as high as a dz 302 was used to. Development of titanium hollow valve and study of sodium potassium valve abstract valve specifications with the largest hollow area possible while still assuring the strength of welded areas were established, achieving a weight reduction of 4. Sodium has an extremely low melting point about 100 degrees c and boiling point 880 c. If youd like to book in for a fitting or if you have any further questions regarding. Development of titanium hollow valve and study of sodium. If stock diameter steel valves are required, but a valve weight is not mandated, going to a hollow intake and sodium filled exhaust is certainly a major advantage. Control valve books control valve application tools. Supertech sodium filled valves made of inconelnimonic alloy offer a significant reduction in valve head temperatures that are required for todays modern turbo engines. Other than this bit of intel, the final edition received sodium filled exhaust valves for improved oomph at medium and high engine speeds. View all notes here, as well as the stem of the valve being hollow, and being partfilled with sodium, so is. Sodium filled valve high performance engine valves.
The heat travels up the valve stem 3 and is transferred to the. The company was founded as the cleveland cap screw co. If hes running nitromethane, then an inconel exhaust valve material will be his best bet if he wants to finish a race. A poppet valve is a valve typically used to control the timing and quantity of gas or vapor flow. One of the interesting features of this engine are the sodium filled exhaust valves, and not just the stem, but the head of the valve is filled with sodium as. Exposure of the sodium in these valves to the outside air results in fire or explosion with possible personal injury. Eaton is the leading global supplier of engine valves with total production of more than one million engine valves per day, supplying nearly all vehicle and engine manufacturers worldwide. Eventually, curiosity got the better of my senses, and i decided to. Click here to view our master catalog filled with exciting, high quality products to suit your needs. The difference is that they have a liquid carb heat riser instead of the exhaust gas that the car heads have, and, they probably have sodium filled exhaust valves with valve rotators. Who invented the sodium filled exhaust valve for the internal combustion engine and when. In exhaust applications a pressure differential helps to seal the valve and in intake valves a pressure differential helps open it. I was thinking of ceramic coating the combustion chamber and bottom of the valves anyway to reduce detonation so maybe the stronger valves would be a better choice in my case. Based on longstanding experience, eaton engineers work closely with oems to develop valves ideally suited for the specific engine requirements using a broad variety of materials such as crutonite, eatonine or nimonic and processes like seat.
The most commonly used intake valves have solid stems, and the head is either flat or tulip shaped. If the clearance is too large, excessive combustion byproducts and lubricating oil would eventually migrate into the guide and coke onto the stem in the intense heat. If hollowhead valves are to be used, it will be necessary to secure the absolute reliability of any welds that are exposed to. During engine operation, the sodium inside the hollow valve melts. In high performance or turbo charged engines sometimes sodium filled valve stems are used. Valve action causes the sodium to circulate, removing heat from the valve head.
The shaft guides the plug portion by sliding through a valve guide. Sodiumfilled valves are light and allow high engine rpm. May 18, 2011 i did that with my 392, but they werent sodium filled valves. This book is not intended to duplicate the several very good books on control valves, the most notable of which is the fisher control valve handbook which gives a little bit about everything there is to know about control valves. Exhaust and intake valves fits 8794 toyota tercel 1. Service instruction introduction of sodium filled exhaust. Find chevrolet performance replacement valves 1255. Who invented the sodiumfilled exhaust valve for the. Although practically all work done with saltcooled valves up to the present time has been confined to the valvestem, experiments are now in progress with valves having both the head and the stem filled with salt. At 1705 thomas newcomen invented the first steam machine. So far, the one im well acquainted with has held up well to almost exclusively hard driving.
Then, when the valve closes, the sodium splashes up into the valve stem. A he contributed to the design of the curtiss r1454, invented the sodium cooled poppet valve. Heres a summary part numbers are service part numbers unless noted as engineering part numbers. Kerley, sodium filled valves and valve guides should be run dry.
My own cheap and cheerful version of the pyromet system is to fill a polyethene bag with dry sand. Sodiumfilled valves feature stems that are precisiongundrilled and filled with a. Its not a common engine, however, given that it was only available for two years in the cadillac ctsv, and four years in the z06 model corvette. Its first technological innovation was the production of automobile valves in 1904. Sep 06, 2017 history of the ls engine and cylinder head casting number spotters guide.